Данный обзор литературы посвящен современным представлениям о ранних этапах развития различных гистотипов карциномы яичника, злокачественной опухоли, которая занимает одно из ведущих мест по заболеваемости и смертности среди опухолей женской репродуктивной системы. Карциномы яичников в данной статье разделены на пять подгрупп: низкодифференцированная серозная карциномы, высокодифференцированная серозная карцинома, муцинозная, эндометриоидная и светлоклеточная карциномы. Это разделение обусловлено не только различным гистотипом данных опухолей, но различными эпидемиологчисекими и генетическими факторами риска, предраковыми поражениями, ответом на химиотерапевтическое лечение, прогнозом. В статье дается обоснование нового представление о патогенезе карцином яичника, предшественники которых, по современным представлениям чаще находится за пределами яичника, обобщаются данные о молекулярно-биологических особенностей вариантов карцином яичника, что важно не только для точной диагностики опухолей, но и для правильного ведения пациенток.
Ovarian carcinomas are wildly spread among female reproductive system tumors and have very high level of mortality, being frequently diagnosed advanced. Ovarian carcinomas were subdivided into five groups in this article: high-grade serous, low-grade serous, mucinous endometrioid and clear cell carcinomas. These types should be consider to be different diseases, as indicated by differences in epidemiological and genetic risk factors, precursor lesions, response to chemotherapy and prognosis. Recent investigations have shown that a slot of cancers, traditionally thought to be primary ovarian tumors, originate from extaovarian tissues (such as the fallopian tube and the endometrium). This review summarizes molecular and biological data and achievements in ovarian carcinoma pathogenesis which have significant impact on accurate diagnosis and treatment.
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