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ART-17157

СИСТЕМА ГРУППЫ КРОВИ RH (РЕЗУС): АНАЛИТИЧЕСКИЙ ОБЗОР

Шауцукова

Л.З.

Shautsukova

L.Z.

laura.shautsukova@yandex.ru

Шогенов

З.С.

Shogenov

Z.S.

zaurshogenov@yandex.ru

ФГБОУ ВПО «Кабардино-Балкарский государственный университет им. Х.М. Бербекова» Kabardino-Balkarian State University n.a.Kh.M. Berbekov ГБОУ ВПО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет имени А.И. Евдокимова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry n. a. A. I. Evdokimov

27 02 2015

2 6 6

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 license.

https://science-education.ru/ru/article/view?id=17157

Проведён обзор классических и современных исследований, посвящённых системе группы крови резус – самой полиморфной и иммуногенной из 30 идентифицированных систем групп крови. На основе анализа многочисленных зарубежных литературных данных дана подробная характеристика генов локуса RH (гена RHD и гена RHСЕ), их аллелей, продуктов этих генов – белковых молекул, встраивающихся в мембрану эритроцитов, – белков RhD и RhCE, структуры эпитоповрезус-антигеновD, C, E, c и e. Выделена и систематизирована номенклатура резус-антигенов, применяемая в научной литературе в наши дни. Описана возможная организация резус-комплекса в мембране эритроцитов и роль резус-протеина RhAG в процессе сборки и переноса из цитоплазмы в мембрану эритроцитов белков RhD и RhCE. Выполнен критический анализ различных взглядов на предполагаемые функции антигенов системы резус в мембранах эритроцитов и клеток тканей. Дана подробная характеристика вариантов антигена D, образовавшихся в результате мутаций гена RHD – Dweak (слабого антигена D), Dpartial – частичного антигена D и резус-антигена фенотипа DEL. Обсуждены возможные механизмы иммунизации реципиентов в процессе трансфузии резус-несовместимых эритроцитов, вызванной продуктами мутантных генов. Дана сравнительная характеристика различных методик определения резус-совместимости.

We reviewed classic and contemporary research works devoted to system Rhesus blood group – the most polymorphic and immunogenic of the 30 identified blood group systems. Based on the analysis of numerous foreign research works, we give a detailed description of RH locus genes (RHD gene and RHSE gene), their alleles, products of the genes – protein molecules embedded in membrane of red blood cells –RhD and RhCE proteins, the structure of the Rh antigen epitopes D, C , E, c, and e. We highlighted and classified nomenclature of Rh antigens used in the scientific literature today. A possible organization of Rh complex in the membrane of red blood cells and the role of Rh protein RhAG during assembly and transport from cytoplasm to erythrocyte membrane protein and RhDRhCE is described here. Critical analysis of different views on the intended functions Rhesus antigens in membranes of red blood cells and tissue cells has been performed. A detailed description of antigen D variation, formed as a result of mutations in RHD gene –Dweak (weak antigen D), Dpartial– partial D antigen and Rh antigen phenotype DEL is presented. Possible mechanisms of immunization of recipients in the process of Rh-incompatible transfusion of red blood cells caused by the products of mutant genes are discussed. A comparative characteristic of different methods for determining Rh compatibility are presented.

система группы крови RН (Резус) резус-протеины RhD и RhCE антитела анти-резус антигены D C E

the Rhesus blood group system rhesus proteins RhD and RhCE anti-rhesus antibodies antigens D С E

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