Целью данной работы является изучение теоретических аспектов влияния открытости внешней торговли, прямых иностранных инвестиций на темпы экономического роста в долгосрочной перспективе. Ряд исследований дают объяснение долговременных механизмов связи открытости с экономическим ростом и анализируют рост как самосовершенствующийся процесс в рамках модели эндогенного роста. В частности, аргументируется положение, согласно которому торговая интеграция может благоприятствовать экономическому росту посредством изменения стимулов и возможностей для иностранного инвестирования, товарной специализации с высоким инновационным потенциалом получения технологических новшеств. В частности, установлено, что односторонняя либерализация даже в одной стране с точки зрения экономического роста в долгосрочной перспективе генерирует положительное влияние на стационарный рост во всех торгующих с нею странах, а также сокращает разрыв в доходах между этими странами. Вместе с тем, открытость торговли сама по себе не всегда может являться достаточным условием для достижения более высоких темпов роста. Поэтому необходимо дифференцировать теоретические подходы разных научных школ к проблеме взаимосвязи открытости международной торговли, прямых иностранных инвестиций и экономического роста.
The aim of this work is to study the theoretical aspects of the impact of trade openness, foreign direct investment on economic growth in the long term. A number of studies provide an explanation of long-term mechanism of communication open with economic growth and analyze growth as a cultivator process in a model of endogenous growth. In particular, it is argued provision under which trade integration can foster economic growth by changing the incentives and opportunities for foreign investment, product specialization with a high potential for innovation produce technological innovations. In particular, it was found that unilateral liberalization, even in one country in terms of economic growth in the long run generates a positive effect on the steady-state growth in all countries trading with it, as well as reducing the income gap between these countries. At the same time, trade openness in itself may not always be a sufficient condition to achieve higher growth rates. Therefore it is necessary to differentiate between different theoretical approaches to the problem of scientific schools of the relationship of openness of international trade, foreign direct investment and economic growth.
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